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In-situ characterization techniques, although complex, can provide a wealth of insight into material chemistry and evolution dynamics. Grasping the fundamental kinetics of material synthesis is essential to enhance and streamline these processes and facilitate easier scaleup. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of porous crystalline materials discovered three decades ago, have been developed and implemented in various applications at the laboratory scale. However, only a few studies have explored the fundamental mechanisms of their formation that determine their physical structure and chemical properties. Independent experimental and theoretical investigations focusing on chemical kinetics have provided some understanding of the mechanisms governing MOF formation. However, more effort is needed to fully control their formation pathways and properties to enhance stability, optimize performance, and design strategies for scalable production. This Perspective highlights current techniques for studying MOF kinetics, discusses their limitations, and proposes multimodal experimental and theoretical protocols, emphasizing how improved data acquisition and multiscale approaches can advance scalable applications. 

In this talk, we have presented the use of LLM to study the embodied learning. We have discovered that the use of LLM is really effective to summarize the videos of embodied learning and conventional learning. LLM is also very effective in summarize the sentiment of the user comments of the two different videos. Correlation between the user comments and video content was also made. It is discovered that the use of the embodied learning is rather effective to engage learners in learning robotics 

The chemical pathway for synthesizing covalent organic frameworks (COFs) involves a complex medley of reaction sequences over a rippling energy landscape that cannot be adequately described using existing theories. Even with the development of state-of-the-art experimental and computational tools, identifying primary mechanisms of nucleation and growth of COFs remains elusive. Other than empirically, little is known about how the catalyst composition and water activity affect the kinetics of the reaction pathway. Here, for the first time, we employ time-resolved in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) coupled with a six-parameter microkinetic model consisting of ∼10 million reactions and over 20 000 species. The integrated approach elucidates previously unrecognized roles of catalyst p K a on COF yield and water on growth rate and size distribution. COF crystalline yield increases with decreasing p K a of the catalysts, whereas the effect of water is to reduce the growth rate of COF and broaden the size distribution. The microkinetic model reproduces the experimental data and quantitatively predicts the role of synthesis conditions such as temperature, catalyst, and precursor concentration on the nucleation and growth rates. Furthermore, the model also validates the second-order reaction mechanism of COF-5 and predicts the activation barriers for classical and non-classical growth of COF-5 crystals. The microkinetic model developed here is generalizable to different COFs and other multicomponent systems.